Bitcoin and the Epigenetic Future of Humanity

In this presentation I explore the relationship between Bitcoin, time preference, chronic disease, epigenetics, circadian biology, and preventative healthcare. I discuss

- Why modern healthcare is fundamentally reactive
- The relationship between low time preference thinking and long-term health
- Visceral fat, insulin resistance and metabolic disease
- How environmental mismatch impacts mitochondrial function
- Epigenetic inheritance and future generations
- Circadian rhythm disruption and modern technology
- Why decentralized approaches to health may become increasingly important

This episode connects Austrian economics, evolutionary biology, mitochondrial medicine, and modern chronic disease into a unified framework for understanding human health.

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Health consulting, remote - www.drmaxgulhane.com/consulting

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Transcript

Dr Max Gulhane 0:00

The title of this talk is Bitcoin Time Preference and Health. And this talk was delivered on May the 16th for the Bitcoin Bush Bash. And this was a tremendous event bringing together people on the topic of Bitcoin and society. And a big thanks to the organizers for inviting me. And I would really encourage everyone to attend these types of grassroots community events for in the future because they're such a tremendous opportunity. For those who are listening on the podcast, I would recommend checking out the slides because there's a lot of information visually on the slideshow. So let's jump in. Bitcoin, time preference, and health. Before I begin the meat of this discussion, I want to give a quick introduction about who I am and what I do. And relevant to this talk is the fact that I have gone through what you may call a centralized medical education. And I think that positions me uniquely to give perspectives on both in decentralized and centralized healthcare. So I've completed a Bachelor of Science with Research, I've I've completed Masters of Public Health, Doctor of Medicine, and achieved a fellowship in family medicine here in Australia. And uh really, as I've mentioned, these have given me pretty interesting perspective in that I understand how the incentives work in centralized medicine, and um I can see what it does efficiently and well, and what parts are are lacking or missing. I had a my own health journey that started in my early uh adulthood where I developed quite severe acne. And throughout my own personal health journey with acne, I didn't receive any meaningful advice other than pharmaceutical treatment from general practitioners and dermatologists. There was no concrete or um relevant information about how to potentially avoid or reverse this with lifestyle change. It was it was simply an escalating ladder of pharmaceutical intervention. And later on, going through education in medical studies, there was nothing offered to me through that either, in terms of disease reversal or prevention. From my own learning and exploration, I found a low carbohydrate and eventually carnivore diet was extremely effective in resolving this problem. And that really started a quest for me and one that I would felt quite obliged to embark upon, having, again, both decentralized perspectives and my own decentralized health experience, uh, experienced, lived experience. And what I really felt I was obliged to do is really ask the question if I was able to prevent and reverse lifestyle disease with lifestyle um practices, and I wasn't informed of any of those myself, then what other potential health problems and chronic diseases are are being similarly underserved? So, with that in mind, I started a podcast, and the Regenerative Health Podcast has been a fascinating insight into different perspectives from experts in in the biomedical sciences and experts in medicine, but simply who are uh utilizing the uh the part or the corpus of biomedical literature which is simply not reflected in mainstream guidelines. Now, that doesn't mean that it's less valid and by no means at all. It simply just means that it hasn't, this is the science that hasn't been piped through a centralized uh entity or um structure that has influenced it, and may I say biased it towards uh pharmaceutical or surgical intervention and away from lifestyle and um environment and these changes that potentially could have a major impact on your health. So um the guests on this podcast, as you you may recognize some of these faces, Dr. Jack Cruz, Dr. Sean O'Mara, Dr. Alexis Cowan, Dr. Alexander Wunsch, Dr. Anthony Chafee, Belinda Fetkey, um the these interviews and these discussions are all made to give you and to give people um an insight into health perspectives and practices that are, again, no less evidence-backed, but simply not endorsed by a centralized entity. So, how does this relate to Bitcoin? And uh, as the title of my talk says, um, Bitcoin Health and Time Preference. Well, the thrust of a lot of the rhetoric amongst Bitcoin is this idea of multi-generational wealth. And uh I think uh fun fundamentally it talks about the future planning that can occur when we build upon a sound money standard, uh, of which Bitcoin is the electronic implementation. So the um you know, the other key thing, I don't want to say catchword, but but maybe discussion or uh slogan, maybe that's a little bit not fair, uh, but is is this idea of seven generation thinking and it really reflects a similar low-time preference or long-term perspective. So with that, um, I want to make another uh draw another link between thing, the topics that we talked about at this um conference and ones that I think are are are really relevant to to join together. And especially when it comes to multi-generational uh thinking and perspectives, and that is Bitcoin, regenerative agriculture, and um this idea of preventative or decentralized health. And and the connection of these facets is is decentralization and specifically the removing reliance on trusted third parties. Um Bitcoin is eliminating the the reliance on on government and central banking to for currency issuance. Um it's regenerative agriculture is removing reliance on the veterin and uh veterinary chemical producers for maintaining the the herd, you know, a herd of of cattle. And similarly for grain production, because you don't need any of that when you're when you're using an adapted animal um without a in fully fed on grass, a cow fully fed on grass. And and really preventative health is about getting to a stage of health optimization that you do not need the pharmaceutical industry uh or you need to sell or a medical professional um bar the uh unfortunate instance of say trauma or um you know severe infectious disease. Um that is the goal of a decentralized health approach, and we're we're trying to disintermediate or de uh remove our reliance on a trusted third party. So let's the topics that I wanted to discuss in in my talk are this idea of concept of time preference, um, this idea of metabolic disease and how time preference affects our choices in the here and now uh and the and our health in the here and now. And then I'll be touching on epigenetics and a detour into how the choices that we make today affect the future generations, and then finally, why our lifestyles and our environment is key to this puzzle and key to low time preference uh living and low time preference health. So, what what is time preference? The author of the Bitcoin standard, Tefadina Moose, um, has this to say about time preference, which is you know fundamentally uh a concept that's deeply rooted or appreciated in the Austrian economic thought. And he says to quote, the better the money a money is at holding its value, the more it incentivizes people to delay consumption and instead dedicate resources for production in the future, leading to capital accumulation and improvement in the living standards, while also engendering people in a low time preference in other non-aconomic aspects of their life. And that last part is is key to what we're talking about right now. So, how how can we think about high time preferences and low time preference? Well, look, a high time preference one is if if someone is adopting a high time preference, they're essentially prioritizing the present moment at the expense of the future. Uh most simplistically, it's it's it's short-term thinking and having a short-term uh perspective. And really, what the the point that Amus makes in his his works is that when the when the money is essentially um controlled by a central bank, it's issued uh without any tie to a fundamental uh proof of work, whether that's gold, the gold standard, which which includes mining, physically mining gold, or um Bitcoin, which is tied to it to the proof of work mechanism, um, when you simply have literally fiat meaning uh out of nothing um money, then you essentially then then this it it forces a re uh it it maybe it influences um thinking towards a high time preference because if we're not sure about the value of our money into the next five, ten years, um then how can we plan for a hundred years? How can we plan longer if we're not even sure that uh you know our money is worth it? We can't save uh that the this essentially corrupts our ability to think long term. So the the low time preference is the opposite. And if you're adopting and you have a low time preference, then you're prioritizing um the the future, um, and you are um you're you're prioritizing the future necessarily and and sacrificing your present um your present for the future. And this is this is the crux of long-term or multi-generational thinking. So, what's an example of high and low time preference uh as it applies to architecture? And I I like this example because it's very simple to understand. In for those of you who may remember in Melbourne, uh Australia, there was a massive scandal and huge expense where there were an apartment box being built with inflammable cladding. So the external of the buildings or the the cladding of the buildings was was made of uh essentially styrofoam. It was that it was that poor that it was, you know, this and these styrofoam claddings were prone to catch fire, ignite, and and burn. So it was a massive safety hazard, and it was a massive uh cost and time waste, which obviously um you know the government ended up fit footing the bill and the taxpayer ended up ended up footing the bill. So this is a really good example of high time preference architecture and high and and really the you know such a short time horizon that the builder was just building it and then you know exiting with no concern for what that implication is beyond 10 years, essentially. The opposite and and the ultimate example perhaps of of low-time preference architecture is is Venice and a lot of Italian architecture, so to speak, because not only is it physically beautiful, but the construction methods that that have been employed are designed to last centuries, and they they do. That's why you know millions of people visit Italy is because they are attracted by the uh intense beauty and of the architecture, which is both functional and beautiful at the same time. So a really good example of low time preference and long-term thinking, multi-generational thinking. So, how can we apply this perspective of time preference to lifestyle? Well, I think uh the the above pictures illustrate that quite clearly. Um if you are prioritizing your immediate gratifying sensation of your most um primitive monkey brain, then you're going to eat the processed foods, you're gonna eat the sugar, you're gonna drink the booze, the alcohol, um, you're gonna stay up late doom scrolling, and you're you're gonna do that because it's giving you temporary pleasure, but it's at the expense of your health long term. And again, this is this is having a high time preference. It is it's discarding what might happen in the future, the concern for that for your for the present satisfaction. So, what what happens if you follow this approach long term? These CT um images really uh illustrate that. The the gentleman on the left uh from from these coronal CT uh abdominal scans show uh someone who has a very little amount of abdominal visceral fat. And visceral fat is seen in the is actually dark, it's black, it's seen in and amongst the organs and the intestines. And uh again, the gentleman on the on the left has has very minimal visceral fat. Um, you can see how his abdomen just goes straight up and down his abdominal wall. Uh and he's quite got quite strong and robust musculature. On the contrary, the the gentleman on the right, his abdomen, who and this gentleman has type 2 diabetes, has his a bowing out, a distension of the abdomen because it's packed with that much uh visceral fat inside. And uh that's a problem. That is that is part of the disease process that's both a sign of how mismatched that person is to their to their lifestyle, to their genetic blueprint, and it's also part of the pathological disease process. Um, and if we look at these axial images, then we can see basically the same thing. Um, if you cut slices like a tree trunk, you can see the the gentleman on the left, minimal to no visceral fat, and the gentleman on the right is a massive abdomen with quite underdeveloped muscles, um, and it's all packed with visceral fat. And credit to Dr. Chris Stadher um for those images, revitalized metabolic health. So, what why do we care a lot about visceral fat and you know insulin resistance? Because it is it's the granddaddy disease process that is leading to and uh from which springs the diseases that are most significant in terms of debilitation, in terms of shortening people's health span and lifespan, things that the conditions that put people in in nursing homes, the people, the reasons that people are reliant on others for their care, um, from diet type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, um ischemic heart disease, Alzheimer's, um, you know, these are all downstream or related to metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance and the presence of ectopic fat, visceral fat. So, and and what what we what we can know or learn about that, or the the key point here, is that these are resulted from living a high time preference lifestyle. So, what what about centralized medicine or this idea of high time preference healthcare? So, what I think um goes hand in hand with the widespread societal move towards a high time preference, which has resulted from fiat money and resulted from the the debasement of of the currencies globally, is that we are now in a situation where every aspect of society um is has has changed, the incentives have changed, and healthcare has not been in any way exempt from that. So, you know, I've used using analogy here, uh the another way of saying mainstream healthcare, western medicine, centralized medicine, it's all kind of referring to the same thing. But the the key facets or attributes of that this medical model is that it's fundamentally reactive. We're waiting for people to get sick, we're waiting for them to show up with protein in the urine, to show up with uh a diabetic blood sugar level, to show up with peripheral neuropathies and heart attacks and strokes before we really emphasize prevention and what they can do about that. So this system, this model, it really ignores the earliest signs of chronic disease. It ignores the skin tags, it ignores the physical manifestations of metabolic disorders that that come well before that the disease manifests. It treats symptoms and ignores root causes. Um, it in some cases uses often uses um pills to treat the side effects of other pills. And it's really termed chronic disease management. That that is what this is literally termed. This is the semantics of it. Chronic disease management is that you might as well call it managed decline, because that essentially is what it is. Um, the more you the as the patient deteriorates because the lifestyle reasons why they fell sick have been unchanged, then we're simply adding more agents, more uh increased doses, and you know, try and do to do our best to offset the effects of the lifestyle that that that person is is living, but without informing them of the key, key under underlying determinants and uh of their disease and their and the reversible aspects of it. So, you know, this was been called uh Dr. Dr. Cruz calls this the sausage grinder of centralized medicine. And I think that is in many many ways an apt description of the this conveyor belt type approach. So, what what is an alternative perspective? And to get there, I need to do a small detour and do a sh uh a lesson in genetics and and epigenetics. So genetics is is fundamentally studying genes and the heritability of different traits. And the genetics as we talk about it and um you know the mainstream biomedical literature and scientific research and drug discovery is is based on is this nuclear DNA. And the nuclear DNA is the is a blueprint for the for the development of your body, as this the the nucleus contains and the nuclear DNA contains the the blueprints for your all all your genes which are synthesized into proteins which make up your body. And these are stored within this the nucleus of the cell. But what it what it turns out is that the key um in way or the key factor that influences what how how this these genes, these nucleogenes are expressed, is in the mitochondria, is in the mitochondrial colony. And the mitochondria, which were ancient bacteria which became endosymbiosed or subsumed into the cell, cooperatively incorporated, they their state based on um their and and the energy that they're producing is is a key determinant here of how our genes are being expressed. And interestingly, the mitochondrial contain their own DNA, and um that that's a topic for another time. But when we think about disease and we think about chronic disease, we're we're thinking about bioenergetics because the development of the diabetes and the conditions that I mentioned earlier occur on some scale of cellular bioenergetic impairment, uh, which is organ specific. And what I mean by that is that as the energy output from the mitochondrial colony drops because of the lifestyle choices that we make, and and the mitochondria being supreme um environmental sensors, if they're this if their function is impaired because of sunlight deprivation, because of circanian rhythm disruption, because of um deuterium laden fuel being shoved into them, then they're going to flag and fail. And whenever you whatever organ seems to um be most immediately affected is gonna where disease will show up first. But what what can happen, and this is also particularly pertinent to this discussion today, is That the mitochondrial affects the epigenetic expression on the nuclear genes. And to really make that clear is that mutations in the genetic code occur over multiple generations and influence gene inheritance again over very long timescales. What epigenetics does is it causes annotations to the genetic code, post-translational modifications, you know, histone acetylation that essentially annotates or marks the DNA and it affects how that blueprint is essentially expressed. And what what why is this what's the function of this? The function is the uh to allow the organism to imprint its cells with an ability to most uh readily adapt to the environmental conditions for which it exists. And when those um changes happen in our germ cells, it's to help our offspring, our children, sons and daughters, to both most effectively adapt to the environment for which they're they're coming into. So uh that's it, that's the key reason here, and that should be clear to you why mitochondrial function should so importantly um affect epigenetic uh uh imprinting, is because um the this is about environmental sensing and adaptation and survival to the environmental conditions which the the organism is going into. And um, this is showed another way and to what I was saying earlier is that if you have epigenetic changes that are um occurring in the germ cells, then that is how you make um uh adaptation and and provide information to the next generation. What I would um another way of thinking about this is if you have the blueprint for a like a plan for a house, go back a slide. If you if you're thinking about uh the the blueprint for a house, epigenetics is um a way of basically annotating that um the house design to account for the supplies that you have on that particular job site. So whether you have um you know timber or the amount of bricks that you you need, all the those environmental signals basically help um express that plan in in response to what's available. So how how can we think about epigenetic insults? Well, what we know from the literature um is that there are certain insults that are affecting the that essentially cause epigenetic imprinting and epigenetic harm. And perhaps the most well-known or um uh researched in especially in humans was the effect of of chemicals like diethyl sylbesterol um on uh that basically had transgenerational effects on the offspring of these women who were administered this drug during during their pregnancies. And you know, the rates of obviously that the subsequent generation had this extremely rare uh vaginal clear cell uh adenocarcinoma, but even the grandchildren of those initially exposed um women have got a high rate of hypostatis and other kinds of malarian tract abnormalities and endometriosis that are you know that are unrel they they didn't weren't exposed, but their grandparents were. So there are multiple exposures here that can also um impact uh your, you know, that are epigenetically inherited, and and obviously they're relevant because that will affect um the your multi-generational lineage. This is an interesting paper that was published recently in uh April, and it's titled Paternal Circadian Disruption Impairs Offspring Cognition via sperm microRNAs. And the conclusion of the paper, obviously, they've they've used rats to, sorry, mice to um as an intervention group. Obviously, mice have a very short generation time, so we can study these mammalian effects much quicker than we can for uh for humans. And um, in this study, they said we show that male mice exposed to constant light led to memory dysfunction and impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity in male but not female F1 offspring. So, you know, fascinating uh impact here and it really uh makes you ask the question about what modern light exposures and modern light habits and technology use or abuse is doing to the uh to to subsequent generations and potentially um you know preventing reproduction if uh if it if it uh hasn't even got that far. So again, coming back to this concept of intergenerational versus transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, um, transgenerational uh is implying that what the exposure is is occurring to subsequent generations without without themselves or their direct above um line being exposed. So an analogy I like to give is that imagine if uh say perhaps someone got tattoos and they got whole body tattoos and that child, their baby, came out uh wearing wearing tattoos. And the corollary here is, and again, it comes to the fact that you know we have no idea about how these epigenetic insults are interacting and potentially um synergistically acting, is that maybe if you had a sleeve tattoo and your you know the child came out with a whole body tattoo, and you know, this is this is relevant. This is relevant and relates to to epigenetics and mitochondrial heteroplasmy. So the key points behind this idea of your epigenetic legacy is that your lifestyle choices are not only impacting your risk of your chronic disease and metabolic dysfunction, but is also imprinting the disease risk onto unborn children and potentially grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Um luckily that these epigenetic changes are reversible and again through through lifestyle changes. So um unlike heritable nuclear DNA mutations, um, what is what we're potentially passing through our germ cells, uh, depending on how we our environmental exposures and our lifestyles now, we can potentially um move things in the right direction. So the question that I pose today, and I pose to to all Bitcoiners, is what's the use of multi-generational wealth um without multi-generational health? And I think that's worth dwelling on in the light um of the science of epigenetic inheritance. So the question is, how can we move from this high time preference living in a high preference lifestyle, which is um harmful as I've just discussed, to a more low time preference. And I think we need to therefore look at what is inducing disease as part of our modern living. And there's a lot, there's a lot here. There's um sedentary lifestyles, there's chemical exposures, there's the fact that people are never in contact with the ground physically, there's non-native EMF exposures, smoking, poor air quality, stress, refined foods, alcohol consumption, um, you know, toxic relationships and loneliness. Um, and really there's the circadian rhythm disruption. And I like to emphasize this because which I I define as um well, which is includes both the lack of daytime sunlight and exposure to artificial light at night. Both of those together contribute to circadian rhythm disruption. And I emphasize it because it seems to be the most uh under-emphasized aspect to health and mitochondrial health relative to its importance, uh, you know, relative to how much it's spoken or lack of uh spoken about. So um what what is the opposite of this? And and and really how do we start fixing our mitochondrial signals and our our uh improving mitochondrial function, improving the health of our our germ cells, which uh we're gonna be passing on. And yes, it's it's things like uh nutrition and exercise, but perhaps not in the way that most people are informed. It's not about steady state cardio and by itself or or uh you know eat less, move more by any means. It's um but the there they're no doubt key, but it's all about um exactly how we're doing this and specifically from a nutrition point of view, uh sourcing really high-quality uh animal foods. Um but it's more than that. It's grounding, it's it's geomagnetic exposure, uh, it's getting exposure to uh the ambient temperatures uh of our environment, removing non-native EMFs from our environment, having peace and good relationships and and community, and really nailing uh circadian inputs, which are full spectrum sunlight during the day and nocturnal darkness at night, and and timing our nutrient inflow to in concert with or in conjunction with our circadian appropriate time. And that is part of circadian biology, and that is how we optimize these epigenetic signatures for our sperm and eggs, which will become our future lineage. And this is a concept called the metabolic envelope, which um was coined by uh Professor Allison Nunn at the Guy Institute, when he's we describe the set of conditions for which Homo sapiens, our species, was was uh has evolved to. It's it's the same concept as in engineering when uh you have a certain set of specifications for which an aircraft which was designed. If you run that aircraft at an altitude and a speed uh and temperature that it wasn't designed for, then it's going to need to be serviced more often and it potentially could fail mid-flight. And this is what we're seeing is that um through these exposures where circadian rhythm disruption and this food environment, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumptions, and all these chemical exposures, that we are really pushing our bodies into a zone that is so far outside of our metabolic envelope that we're actually causing metabolic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accelerated aging. And that is what the metabolic syndrome is. It's it's fundamentally an accelerated aging phenotype. Um, these are some signs that are worth looking out for. Um, I think the presence of skin tags, uh premature balding and graying, and and really using your the father as a benchmark here for what's what what is defined as premature, I think is is reasonable. And visceral fat, abdominal obesity, and the skin tags which are of a cutaneous manifestation of insulin resistance, they are all signs of of that you you you individually are moving in the wrong direction. I mean, lack of pregnancy. You've been trying, but you can't get pregnant. I mean, that in and of itself uh is can be evidence of amongst other causes, that you know, fertility is being temporarily switched off based in response to um these environmental conditions. And and Frank sign is one I see quite often in clinical medicine, which is this diagonal ear crease and associates strongly with ischemic heart disease. And um what it can, what it probably is uh indicator of is evisceral fat and and visceral fat, ectopic fat in in the wrong place, which is going to necessarily be around the heart. Uh, and that's probably one of the mechanisms by which it contributes. So what we want to move towards and and what we are interested in is low-time preference healthcare. So this is this decentralized or preventative health that I'm uh I advocate for, that that I practice, and that I think is what is going to serve people who have a truly multi-generational perspective. So, what is it? It's preventative, it's proactive. We're not waiting for the car to career, the train to career off the cliff before we recommend intervention and we recommend interventions that that are actually grounded in the evolutionary biology of the species, which I've just discussed. It strives for root cause fixes and not simply just band-aids, whether that they're pharmaceutical drugs or um or surgeries to mask what can be done safely uh and through lifestyle change and lifestyle practices. It doesn't have trusted intermediaries. And what what I think is key here is that when you have a third party involved in the health transaction between a doctor and their patient, you have a third person at the table. And what I mean by that is that there is an interest that is being looked after, and whether it's a government-funded payer in the form of say Medicare in Australia and or the NHS in UK, then you're necessarily going to be looking after the health economics of that health system. And it you probably won't be getting the tests or the um you know approach that you would get if it you were paying that doctor yourself without any intermediary. And I think that is how we align this these incentives the most elegantly, is that if the the patient is paying their doctor directly, because they are getting the most unbiased advice and the most clear answer or perspective, um uh and I really think that is an underrated or underappreciated part of this this whole uh formulation. What else? Low tripreference healthcare is fundamentally conservative and and really highly conservative, because if we are adopting a multi-generational perspective on our patients' health, then we'll our threshold for experimentation or um trialing novel treatment, unless it's absolutely necessary, should be extremely low. Because we have no idea uh, or if we don't have a clear idea what the impact will be on those germ cells and in into the future, then we're simply just not going to gamble. And we're definitely not gonna gamble if, say, a certain injected medication, perhaps uh on preclinical animal data locates or concentrates in the um reproductive organs, the gonads. Like why why would we take that risk um unless there was an overwhelming risk of harm that it was commensally weighed against, which uh you know has to be an very extraordinary situation. And the multi-generational lens, again, is caring for the epigenetic legacy. And fundamentally, I think this is probably the biggest difference between centralized and decentralized perspective, is that this decentralized health uses the most fundamental perspective on the physiological disease process, and what this translates to, in my opinion, is it has to have a uh foundation of mitochondria and and what is happening to our mitochondrial function and um how is how does this make sense with a lens of circadian and and quantum biology? So one of the key uh pieces of kit in the toolkit is the is the MRI. And you know, the MRI is an amazing invention, um, which uses um you know a very strong temporary magnetic field and to uh and radio RF pulse to to capture these amazing images. And what the MRI can show us specifically here, as showed in these um abdominal uh acts these images, is visceral fat and fat in the wrong place. Uh, as we talked about, the the presence of visceral fat is evidence that you are living outside your metabolic envelope, that you are accelerating your aging, you're on the way to um to poor health and insulin resistance and chronic disease. Um, it's it's a sign of poor redox. And and these two gentlemen have the equivalent, the same waist circumference, and yet they have vastly different amounts of of visceral fat with the gentleman at the bottom about 4.7 liters, and the gentleman above uh, you know, negligible. And just just you can see how vastly different their musculature is. Um, and that that's a big part of it as well. But the the point here is that we need to as much as possible identify the structural evidence of metabolic disease with imaging because that gives us an insight well, well, well before uh the biochemistry in the form of blood tests is tells a convincing story. And why why rely on proxies when we can simply identify the structural disease with a scan like MRI, which doesn't have any ionizing radiation? So, with that, um I would say that if you're interested in working with me, I am followed these principles of decentralized health and I am happy to work with people and you to uh optimize health and identify these key features that you're potentially moving towards uh metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease and using MRI as a tool along with key lifestyle changes to reverse the process. So if you're interested, head to my website, drmaxgorhain.com, where you'll have um all the information and you can actually learn more about the various what I believe to be the key reasons or factors that are uh accelerating people's um metabolic decline and poor health. So um get in contact and I'm happy to speak more. So yeah, thank you for listening and feel free to email me and get in touch if this was interesting to you.